• Consanguinity( marriage between relatives),
• Infections like Rubella, Herpes, cytomegalic virus,
• chromosomal anomalies
• infections at birth or after birth
• malnutrition
• Intrauterine toxic effects due to substance use ( alcohol, drugs, tobacco etc)
• trauma after birth; head injury, seizures, high fever etchealth conditions of mother like hyperglycemia( high blood sugar), mental illness, thyroidismetc
• in many cases causes are unknown
• recent studies are pointing towards environmental factors like radiations, heavy metals and chemicals in water and food etc

PROGRAMS LIKE:

• Early Intervention, Early childhood education, Occupational therapy, Physiotherapy, Speech therapy, psychological intervention, social work intervention and adult independent living, inclusive education is also an option.
• Medicines for Associated disorders, special education, orthotic and prosthetic devices and assistive technology

CMO of the District level hospital can issue the certificate if it is a permanent disability. Before this the person has to procure a disability certificate from the allotted government hospital ( Psychiatric unit)

Unique Disability ID (UDID) Card has a number of benefits for the government as well as the persons with disabilities. ... Unique Disability ID Card (UDID Card) is being issued to all the disabled persons.Oct 27, 2017

UDID makes life easier for a person with disability. It has universal relevance as it is not applicable only in a state. It is easier to carry a card versus entire disability certificate and other documents. It has all details in from of a card. Example- extent of disability is simply coded by color strips. A person with less than 40% disability would have a card with a white stripe, 40 to 80% would have a card with yellow stripe and above 80% card with a blue stripe. The card has a unique number which if fed on the website would help an authority access all details.”

40% and above will be eligible for availing the benefits from the Government schemes.

Nirmaya Health Insurance Scheme (National Trust)

This is a health insurance scheme for any person below the poverty line with the four disabilities under the National Trust. The insurance cover is uptoRs. 1 lakh for a vast range of health services from OPD to cashless hospitalisation.

The scheme is free for persons with family income upto Rs.15000 pm and on a payment of Rs. 250/- pa per person for higher income group in the entire country

Medicines can give symptomatic relief but not cure. Medicine is given for seizures and psychiatric problems.

Ooccupational therapy is the profession that helps people across the lifespan to do the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of daily activities (occupations). Occupational therapy practitioners enable people of all ages to live life to its fullest by helping them promote health, and prevent—or live better with—injury, illness, or disability.

Personal Skills, Communication Skills, Social behaviour skills, Functional Academic skills , Safety skills, Domestic skills, Mobility and hand functioning skills, Occupational skills.

• Open Employment
• Sheltered Employment
• Self-Employment
• Supported Employment

• RPWD Act 2016 : Repealed Persons with disability Act for Rights of persons with disability
• PWD Act 1996
• RCI Act 1992 for recognition ,registration and regulation of professionals and training institutions for professionals working in disability
• National Trust Act1999
  1. To strengthen facilities to provide support to persons with disability to live within their own families
  2. to extend support to registered organisations to provide need based services during period of crisis in the family of persons with disability
  3. to deal with problems of persons with disability who do not have family support
  4. to promote measures for the care and protection of persons with disability in the event of death of their parents or guardians
  5. to evolve procedure for the appointment of guardians and trustees forpersons with disability requiring such protection
• UNCRPD United Nations Convention on theRights of Persons with Disabilities 2006 : On October 1, 2007, India ratified the United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (U.N.C.R.P.D.), much before any other significant country in the world. The Convention was seen as a significant step in the paradigm shift in India from charity and welfare to rights and empowerment of people with disabilities.

Rehabilitation is the process of helping an individual achieves the highest level of function, independence, and quality of life possible.
Rehabilitation does not reverse or undo the damage caused by disease or trauma, but rather helps restore the individual to optimal health, functioning, and well-being.

Self-Advocacy refers to the person presenting his/ her own issues forward by self. many persons with mild to moderate disabilities can be taught to do so .

When someone turns 18, they become an adult and are expected to make the right to make decisions about their medical treatment, finances and life.In order to make these decisions binding (in a legal sense), the person with disability needs a legal guardian as he/she may not be competent to make decision and manage own finances, property etc

First and foremost a disability certificate needs to be procured as given in question number 4 After this guardianship has to be applied either through National Trust or through a court.

Promote economic activities for self-Employment. Persons with Autism, Cerebral palsy, Mental Retardation & Multiple Disabilities. Loan amount Rs. 1, 00,000/- with subsidy of 5%.

Rs. 1,00,000/-

• Rs.2 lakhs is payable on a subscriber’s death due to any reason.
• The premium payable is Rs.330/- per annum.
• All savings bank account holders in the age 18 to 50 years.

• Visually impaired 1%
• Hearing Impairment 1%
• Orthopedically Handicapped 1%

• Generic Skill Assessment Checklist
• Adult Independent Living Checklist
• Vocational Assessment Check list

• Disabled (a person with 40% or more of one or more disability)Rs. 75,000/-
• Severely Disabled(a person with 80% or more of one or more disability) Rs. 1,25,000/-

It is the proportion of mental ability that a person has corresponding to his or her physical age.

Generally IQ is static after the age of 16 years. Only in some cases, where deprivation is present (cultural, educational and lack of exposure, etc) after intervention of brief period, there may be a change in IQ.

Behaviour problems can be managed by applying suitable behaviour modification techniques. Always identify the reason for the behaviour and then deal with it though positive approaches

No

ISAA and INCLEN are the standardized tools for diagnosing autism in India which should be used by and RCI certified Clinical Psychologist, Psychiatrist or Medical Officer

A registered Clinical Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Paediatrician

Yes. Some States in India do give maintenance allowance for persons with mental illness. Please log on to corresponding State Social Welfare website for further details.

Physiotherapy is a healthcare profession that assesses. diagnose, treats, and works to prevent disease and disability through physical means, physiotherapists are experts in movement and function who work in partnership with their patients assisting them to overcome movement disorders, which may have been present from birth, acquired through accident or injury, or the result of ageing or life changing events.

Speech therapy is an intervention service that focuses on improving a child's speech and abilities to understand and express language, including nonverbal language.

Speech therapists, or speech and language pathologists (SLPs), are the professionals who provide these services. Speech therapy includes two components: 1) coordinating the mouth to produce sounds to form words and sentences (to address articulation, fluency, and voice volume regulation); and 2) understanding and expressing language (to address the use of language through written, pictorial, body, and sign forms, and the use of language through alternative communication

This is a very sensitive, ethical and moral issue. it is also right based. First of all try and train the girl to handle puberty. Do not jump to hysterectomy in haste.

Well this is something that cannot be stopped but only contained: where/ when. Concepts of growing up and privacy need to be taught. One must not shy away from this topic because this training is as important as any other area. However, open windows for learning only if and when needed.

It is a physical, emotional, social and natural union between a man and woman.It is considered to be an important milestone in one’s life as it is a social system linked with adulthood, independence and parenthood.

Considerations:

• Intellectual, emotional and physical maturity.
• Ability to support a family
• Sexual compatibility.
• Can he/she carry out responsibilities of daily living.
• Adjust to new partner and family
• Consent to marry by both partners
• Type of partners to be considered; two persons with same disability. Two with different disabilities, one disabled and one non-disabled.
• It is a decision that depends upon the functioning level of the individual; sometimes even higher functioning persons with disability prefer to remain unmarried.

In a sensitive society one would state with responsibility that the person with disability needs to live within the family and community after the parents are no more. However, with the shift from extended to the nuclear pattern of families, urbanization and small size of the nuclear family this dream sometimes does not turn true. Therefore assisted living in residential homes or within the community is an option. In these homes and centres persons with disability live under sheltered care of trained professionals and also their peer group. The selection of the centre needs to be done with utmost care and timely monitoring of the care is needed by the guardians.